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#Emissions Testing Il | April 2012

The Importance of Environmental Sustainability

Emissions Testing - The Importance of Environmental Sustainability.
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Environment sustainability is extremely important, to establish a safe environment for the future. The ozone layer is slowly decreasing, and as it continues to deplete the more scientists will worry about the increase on natural disasters, like heat waves, flash floods, severe hurricanes, etc. We rely too much on crude oil, and the oil spill on the Golf of Mexico has a negative impact to the sea life of the area. Consequently, it is very important that we try to look at other renewable sources of energy, to keep man made damage to the environment at a minimum.

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There is more than just one way to ensure that we maintain our environment and that it continues for the future. Such as reducing carbon footprints and emission, and reusing as many items as we can. (Such as recycling) We should all use eco-friendly items, not only at home, but also in the workplace. However there is much more to sustainability that just recycling and using eco products. Are there any strategic, economic, or environmental decisions that are being made, to make sure that all of our resources are being used efficiently? Are there any health and safety issues when using these resources? There should be policies in the economy that amplify sustainability, and not the other way around. Green technology is the way to go and any advancement in technology should not block sustainability.

In today's world people have to pay a premium to get things such as organic food, solar panels, etc. compared to the much cheaper GM foods. Going green is definitely not cheap. Even though the green products are expensive, they are also hard to find for some consumers. Cooperation from the government is needed to ensure that the green products are made available to everyone and at an affordable price. It takes a great effort to get green products. They are found online to department stores.

Going green is more of a lifestyle choice to those who want to do so. More people will need to get involved and go green in the future to make sure that our environment is sustainable.

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Vehicle Inspection

Emissions Testing - Vehicle Inspection.
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A vehicle inspection should be done at least once a year and even if you're a person who hates do it yourself auto repair, it is easy to go through this procedure and find out if some parts of your vehicle needs fixing. If necessary you can then decide whether you want to go to an auto repair shop or do the car repair yourself.

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How is Vehicle Inspection

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You should check your vehicles fuel system to find out if it functions properly. This inspection also includes the built in computer controls. You also have to check the general engine performance, ignition system - computer controls included, as well as all the instruments and gauges.

Then do a check of your vehicles lights the car horn and mirrors. Your seat belts also have to be checked - security inspection is crucial in any vehicle. You should also perform a car body evaluation which encompasses both the auto interior as well as exterior. Are there many scratches, cracks and other things that should be fixed? Even if it don't impact your cars functions, a nice looking vehicle is much more comfortable to drive.

Your car's steering and suspension system should undergo a careful inspection. This also includes your vehicles shocks, struts and CV boots where applicable. Your auto's tires are some of the most exposed parts there are, so it is important to inspect them for smooth areas or nails etc. In the most extreme cases neglected tires can represent a severe accident risk. Remember to include checking the tire spare when you inspect your car's tires.

Another potential accident creator is unbalanced or bad aligned wheels. Therefore check your auto's wheel balance and alignment. If you have a front wheel drive vehicle, all four wheels on your vehicle should be checked for balance. Your motorcar's windshield wipers and washers, air condition or heather system, de-froster as well as all fluids contained in you car.

The battery and electrical system also have to be checked and this should also include alternator output. Your vehicles braking system is a critical part of your auto's safety system and should therefore be checked very carefully. A car braking system inspection always includes drums, rotors as well as electronic and hydraulic components. The components of your car's cooling system should be inspected and in connection with this a pressure test should be included. And last but not least; don't forget to check your vehicles emission control system and it's components.

Whether you own a VW, Cadillac or BMW; if you follow this check-list or procedure of checking your vehicle from time to time you can save much money by detecting damages early enough to get it fixed while the damage is minimal. What this means for your auto safety is probably worth even more than the money you'll save.

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Emissions Codes - Decoding the OBDII Diagnostic Code

Emissions - Emissions Codes - Decoding the OBDII Diagnostic Code.
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When the "check engine" or "service engine soon" light comes on, it doesn't tell you what or where the trouble is, only that there's trouble. You've hooked up your scanner to the vehicle computer and retrieved the OBDII diagnostic code. What does it mean?

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How is Emissions Codes - Decoding the OBDII Diagnostic Code

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The "OBD" of OBDII - sometimes written OBD-II or just plain OBD2 - stands for On-Board Diagnostics. The "II" is the next generation of emissions standards and codes for all vehicles sold in the U.S. from 1996 to the present, domestic and imports.

The OBD2 system is primarily for emissions control. Its basic components are the catalytic converter and strategically-placed oxygen sensors. These as well as everything in the vehicle having to do with engine performance and emissions control are continuously monitored by the vehicle's on-board computer system.

The "check engine" or "service engine soon" light is the signal that there is a problem with the vehicle's emissions. The computer has assigned a trouble code to the problem and turned on the trouble light - technically called the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL).

When you retrieve the information from the computer via an OBDII diagnostic scanner, it doesn't tell you the problem directly, such as "timing too slow" or "misfire in cylinder number four". What you get is a five-digit alpha-numeric code such as "P0304".

The first digit is a letter corresponding to the main system causing the trouble code:

B = Body
C = Chassis
P = Powertrain
U = Network

The next four digits are all numbers. There is never a letter "O" in the OBDII diagnostic code. It is the numeric digit zero ("0").

The second digit corresponds to the type of code, whether it is the generic standard applying to all OBDII-compliant vehicles, or a manufacturer-specific code.

0 = Generic codes
1 = Manufacturer-specific codes
2 = Includes both generic and manufacturer-specific codes
3 = Includes both generic and manufacturer-specific codes

The third number corresponds to the sub-system where the problem lies.

1 = Fuel and Air Metering
2 = Fuel and Air Metering (injector circuit malfunction only)
3 = Ignition System or Misfire
4 = Auxiliary Emission Control System
5 = Vehicle Speed Control and Idle Control System
6 = Computer Output Circuits
7 = Transmission
8 = Transmission

So our example trouble code P0304 indicates a problem in the powertrain. It is a generic code for trouble with the ignition system or a misfire.

The fourth and fifth numbers of the code correspond to the section of the system causing the trouble. The list of all these sections is long, but you can see how the final "04" in our example points to a misfire in cylinder number four.

Most OBDII diagnostic scanners will come with a code library of specific code meanings. A list may also be found on-line by Googling "obd2 codes list".

You will sometimes find a reference to "Bank 1" or "Bank 2" in the code explanation. These banks are generally meant for "V-type" engines. Bank 1 refers to the side of the engine with the number 1 cylinder (odd-numbered cylinders). Bank 2 refers to the side of the engine with the number 2 cylinder (even-numbered cylinders).

A misfire is a "one-trip" or "type A" problem that by itself will not turn on the MIL unless it is severe enough to damage the catalytic converter. A severe misfire will not only turn on the MIL but will signal it to flash at one-second intervals.

Other problems are usually "two-trip" or "type B" problems. When the computer first detects a two-trip problem, it stores the trouble code as "pending". If on the next driving trip the problem has passed, the pending code is erased. But if the problem is still there on consecutive trips, the computer will turn on the MIL, alerting the driver to a problem.

The MIL can be persistent. Once on, it will stay on until the problem is resolved for three driving trips. However, though the light may go out, the codes remain in the computer memory for 40-80 trips depending on the problem.

Trouble codes remaining in the computer memory will cause a failed emissions inspection whether the "check engine" light is on or not.

Of course, your diagnostic scanner can turn off the MIL and erase the codes from the computer's memory. This will not do much good, however, if the problem recurs after two driving trips and regenerates the trouble codes. The information from the scanner should be used to locate and fix the problem, not just turn off the MIL and erase the codes.

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Why Choose a Petrol Car

Emissions Testing - Why Choose a Petrol Car.
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A diesel engine car definitely has its advantages. But it hasn't yet been able to overtake the popularity enjoyed by petrol driven cars. These are being driven for over a century now. Manufacturers have worked tremendously towards improving the working of gasoline run engines. Especially since cars being run on petrol stand for power-packed performance. Recent times have seen them face tough competition from diesel cars. However, the competition has in no way diminished their success. If you are planning to invest in a petrol car, go for it. The following advantages of a petrol car might help you be convinced.

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How is Why Choose a Petrol Car

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1. Unlike the diesel engine, petrol engine does not create noise when being driven.
2. A well tuned car will give you higher performance.
3. Maintenance of the car is lesser for petrols.
4. Initial cost of buying isn't very high.
5. Petrol does not emit toxic nitrogen oxide which is hazardous and poses a greater risk to human health.
6. These cars have a greater power output.
7. Petrols give initial higher acceleration.
8. Top end power is more hence the vehicle moves faster.
9. Service charges are not very high.
10. Faster pick up and higher revving.

Diesel technology may be the latest news, but petrol has also been making impressive progress in leaps and bounds. New models of petrol cars have better output and both torque as well as bhp has shown improvements. Engines no longer require soot filters because the exhaust emissions have reduced considerably. Manufacturers are now working towards making the engine fuel efficient.

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Gasoline to Propane Conversion Kit For Your Vehicle - Advantages and Disadvantages

Emissions Testing - Gasoline to Propane Conversion Kit For Your Vehicle - Advantages and Disadvantages.
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Gasoline engine to propane engine conversion has been in existence for over forty years. The device is widely used in heavy vehicles such as trucks, and forklifts. It is only today that cars are starting to pick up the gasoline to propane conversion trend. There are already conversion kits available in the market. But you could also opt to convert engines by yourself. And the process of doing so, to the delight of motorists, is very easy to do. Subjecting your vehicle to a gasoline to propane conversion require five key pieces of equipment.

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How is Gasoline to Propane Conversion Kit For Your Vehicle - Advantages and Disadvantages

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First, one should get a used fuel tank. It is best to get hold of a regulation motor vehicle propane tank that is made according to transport authority specifications. It is imperative to have such tank as it has all the safety features required by the law. Regulation motor tanks have above par rupture resistance and are durable. A used tank costs about - for those in a smaller size, while the larger kinds cost at around .

Next would be to get a converter otherwise known as "demand regulator" that changes propane to gas. Then you would have to get a pair of hoses. One hose is used to take liquid propane from the tank and lead it to the converter. The second hose serves as a pathway to lead the vaporized fuel from the converter to the carburetor.

To conduct engine heat in and out of the converter, a heater hose is needed. Around a foot's length of this would do. Then you would need a "Y" fitting or a copper tubing. There is also a need for the brass reducer, which is needed to decrease the converter's vapor emissions to the desired fuel line size of a propane tank. A standard on-and-off valve should be put in place, inserted in the gas line. Then there are the clamps, nuts and bolts, compression fittings, and fasteners needed to keep the new installation in place.

You can opt to go the easy way by getting a conversion kit. It works by automatically adjusting air/fuel mixture as load changes take place. Most conversions cost somewhere in between ,500 and ,500, depending on your current engine type. Asking professionals to perform conversions is an added assurance because they can convert any gasoline-run vehicle into a propane-run one.

It is easier and very possible to convert a gasoline engine to a propane-powered one because the circulation pumps and return lines of the latter are very much alike with the former. It is also valuable to know that there are three types of propane systems. The oldest is the converter-mixer system, which uses a converter to change liquid fuel into vapor.

Aside from being the oldest form used, it is also the most common among the three. The two other types of systems are injection systems. The vapour-phase injection uses a converter that is very much like the miser, but has an array of electrical shutoff injectors that are automated via computer. The computer assures and accurate metering of fuel to the engine leading to a higher rate of fuel economy. The last system, the liquid phase injection system does not use a converter. Instead, it delivers fuel into a rail (like a fuel injection system). All three have their own advantage and disadvantages that will appeal to different kinds of motorists with different needs. The bottom line, however, is that no matter which system is used, propane engines deliver the one of the best fuel economy in the automobile market.

With the advantages entailed in the use of propane as fuel, the growing movement of gas to propane conversion is understandable. Sure, there is that hassle of having to switch from one engine type to another. There is also that concern with its monetary consequences. But while the transition might be a little heavy on the budget, its rewards, in the form of long-term fuel economy and a pollution-free rides, are far more valuable than the conversions two-grand price tag.

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Excess Vaginal Wetness - All You Need To Know

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Emissions Testing - Excess Vaginal Wetness - All You Need To Know

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Do you know about - Excess Vaginal Wetness - All You Need To Know

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Many women and their male partners have a lot of questions on excess vaginal wetness...and usually during intimate relations.

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How is Excess Vaginal Wetness - All You Need To Know

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What is normal wetness and what can you do about excess vaginal wetness? ..Read on and find out.

It is quite normal for a woman's vagina to be generally moist Additionally, mucus is produced by the woman's cervix all through her monthly cycle, and the nature of that mucus changes in response to her body's hormone production.

These secretions can be more or less, can taste from sweet to salty to sour, and changes from thin to thicker mucus as well.

Every woman should know herself, and how her daily secretions are, and if indeed there is excess vaginal wetness.

However, in times of sexual stimulation, especially during the arousal phase, veins in the woman's pelvis, vulva, and clitoris will begin to dilate and fill with blood.

This will gradually making the whole area feel flushed (known as vasocongestion). Now in the vagina, this swelling stimulates a kind of sweating, and produces a fluid that moistens the vaginal lips. This secretion will also moisten the entrance to the woman's vagina, facilitating penetration.

In case your partner performs oral sex on you, the fluids you will feel will be both, as some normal woman-mucus and the excretion from sexual excitement.

Too Much or Not Enough?

It is a fact that too much wetness during sex reduces pleasure for both partners.

Women will lose greater stimulation along the vaginal walls, while men wont feel the 'tight' sensation almost all men love.

If a woman does not have enough wetness, then intercourse is painful for her and her partner, and thus unenjoyable.

There may be a medical reason why the woman is too wet, so she should see your doctor to be sure there is no infection, abnormalities, or other problem causing your excess wetness.

What to Do If There is Too Much Wetness?

There are a few practical solutions, and some work for some women, some do not for others. So if there is the problem of excess vaginal wetness, try one or more of the following solutions:

1. Try an antihistamine. This is in the over-the-counter cold remedies. This usually works, but use the ones that do not make your drowsy, unless you wish to be.

2. Have a drink or two before sex.

3. If it is allowed in your area, smoke before sex, and this can be cigarettes or something similar.

4. Try a vaginal irrigation before sex with plain cold water.

5. During sex, place a towel under the woman, and have a clean cloth or sponge ready. Try the simple blotting technique, and it will take up a great deal of the outside discharge.

6. Put the lady on her side during sex or try the doggy position...and this normally reverse the flow of sweat and mucus.

7. Specialty creams. There are some on the market, and must be used at the peril of the couple, as these usually do not work.

8. Change of diet. Often a major change of diet has an effect on such mucus and discharge, and can be beneficial. A vegetarian diet is said to regulate such phenomenon.

The Konov Principle

Whatever method used, it should be realized that there is a happy medium between too little and too much (excessive) vaginal wetness.

A perfect solution to this is to apply the Konov Principle of self-awareness, by drawing your consciousness into the vagina itself, and visualizing the optimum and healthy amount of wetness that is required.

Practice of this exercise is said to increase greatly the awareness of the vagina, and let a natural self-regulation occur.

Excessive vaginal wetness will become normal vaginal wetness.

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Eco Tourism

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Emissions - Eco Tourism

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The words "Eco" "Eco Friendly Holidays" and "Eco Tourism" are rapidly becoming the current buzzwords in the holiday travel industry. While welcoming the current focus on the environment it must be said that although many reputable travel organizations are truly dedicated to conservation and protection of the environment there are others simply exploiting marketing possibilities.

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How is Eco Tourism

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There is no argument against the facts that we humans cause emission of harmful gases from our homes, when driving our cars and when flying away on holiday. According to Chaucer, there are lies, dammed lies and statistics and the current statistics, being banded about suggest that airlines are the main offenders. In fact, our homes are the worst offenders with around 25% of emissions, with airlines contributing 5%.

Household emissions of CO2 are calculated at 11 tonnes per person per annum whereas a return holiday flight to Belize produces 2.38 tonnes per passenger. Having said that, it must be conceded that air travel is the fastest growing source of harmful emission.

Governments seem unwilling or unable to address these problems in a practical way. As a holiday traveler there are some ways you can contribute to the reduction of CO2.
Perhaps it is possible for you and your family to have fewer but longer holidays if they require air travel. You could also eliminate those short breaks.

Direct flights to your destination will reduce the take-offs and landings which contribute the worst emissions. Night and winter flights should be avoided if possible. Choose a "young" airline. New aircraft pollute less. Perhaps visit local holiday destinations with travel by car (car sharing), public transport or even walking or cycling.

Extremists would suggest banning all holiday flights. This would have a totally negative effect on the economies of many of the countries visited by tourists. The money earned from responsible tourists will fund education programmes, support conservation projects and enable investment in carbon reduction technologies.

In your own way, as an Eco Tourist you can also help the environment at your holiday destination. Economise on the air conditioning, limit use of the laundry facilities, don't waste water, if it is safe drink tap water, buy locally produced food etc, from local establishments and avoid the purchase of imported goods.

Your choice of holiday destination and method of travel can make a positive contribution to this global problem. If we were all to make even small changes in our lifestyle and travel it would amount to a very large change in the damage we are causing globally.

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Petroleum - Its Uses And Benefits

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Emissions - Petroleum - Its Uses And Benefits

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Do you know about - Petroleum - Its Uses And Benefits

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Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring liquid found in formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons (mostly alkanes) of various lengths. Petroleum literally means rock oil; oil that comes from rock. Petroleum or Crude Oil is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon-based liquid which is sometimes present in porous rocks beneath the earth's surface. Petroleum is formed by the slow alteration of organic remains over time. It consists of a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon compounds and varies widely in composition, color, density, and viscosity. This liquid after distillation yields a range of combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants. Compounds and mixtures of compounds separated from crude petroleum by distillation include gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, fuel oil, some types of alcohol, benzene, heavy naphtha, different grades of lubricating oils and residuum. Petroleum is usually classified according to the predominance of paraffin or asphalted compounds and accordingly is said to have a paraffin base, an intermediate base, or an asphalt base.

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How is Petroleum - Its Uses And Benefits

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Oil wells are drilled as deep as six miles into the Earth to search for petroleum. These wells can cost millions of dollars to drill, yet drilling is done because petroleum is a valuable natural resource. Although the major use of petroleum is as a fuel (gasoline, jet fuel, heating oil) and petroleum and natural gas are often used to generate electricity, there are many other uses as well.

Here are some of the ways petroleum is used in our every day lives. All plastic is made from petroleum and plastic is used almost everywhere, in cars, houses, toys, computers and clothing. Asphalt used in road construction is a petroleum product as is the synthetic rubber in the tires. Paraffin wax comes from petroleum, as do fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, detergents, phonograph records, photographic film, furniture, packaging materials, surfboards, paints and artificial fibers used in clothing, upholstery, and carpet backing. Helium, sulfur and other valuable materials are produced from oil wells along with petroleum itself. Petroleum is used principally as a source of fuel and lubricating oils. Only when these supplies are restricted or threatened does the average person begin to realize their importance.

The top three oil producing countries are Saudi Arabia, Russia, and the United States. About 80% of the world's readily accessible reserves are located in the Middle East, with 62.5% coming from the five Arab countries: Saudi Arabia (12.5%), U.A.E., Iraq, Qatar and Kuwait. Millions of people around the world are employed to find or produce petroleum, ship and refine it and manufacture and market the many oils and waxes made from it.

Although there are many alternatives to petroleum fuels, an analysis of costs and benefits shows that petroleum is superior in most every area. Hydrogen, ethanol, hybrid, and biomass technologies are promising for automobiles and may soon increase efficiency and reduce emissions; but many of these technologies have not yet proven sufficiently profitable to providers or attractive to consumers. Petroleum retains a key advantage because the price of oil remains low compared to forms of energy with lower environmental impacts, like wind and solar power. Unlike hydrogen or even natural gas, oil is easily transportable and there is a vast infrastructure in place to support its use.

There are many factors due to which oil prices are rising but still petroleum is a necessity. These reasons are lack of available capacity across the oil supply chain in production, refinery upgrading and transportation infrastructure; surging demand in emerging economies; apparent insensitivity of consumers to the price signal; uncertainties related to the weather (hurricanes) or to politics (Iran, Iraq, Venezuela, Nigeria); and increasing activity in the commodities markets. It is not very useful to blame any single player in the game. This could pose danger to the economy and business of the world.

Therefore, benefits of petroleum have brought enumerable benefits to human civilization: quality of life, dynamic prosperity and a source of income to energy traders.

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How to Pass Emissions Test Without Cheating

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Il Emissions Testing - How to Pass Emissions Test Without Cheating

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Do you know about - How to Pass Emissions Test Without Cheating

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Do you have an older car, truck, or SUV? Are you afraid of not passing the next emissions test without cheating? With these economic times, can you afford to pay to fix your vehicle to pass those stringent smog requirements? Can you afford a new vehicle that will pass emissions test without cheating? Is your vehicle a gas guzzler too? I know mine was.

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How is How to Pass Emissions Test Without Cheating

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I can show you how to pass emissions test without cheating, legally. Sounds too good to be true, right? Well, you CAN pass that emissions test and increase your gas mileage. Think of it as a two for one combo. It is something that you can easily implement yourself without having to pay a mechanic's fees. If you are technical or do not have the time, you can hand the manual to a friend or mechanic to have the system implemented.

Learn how to pass emissions test and gain gas mileage, all while helping the environment by reducing your carbon footprint. You can make a difference today.

- Don't spend your hard earned money, think of what you would do with 00 extra cash a year you'll save on gas.
- Stop adding to the Greenhouse effect and global warming with your hot, polluting engines.
- Enjoy a smooth, quite ride, longer engine life and better acceleration.

Are you ready to pass that emissions test? And as an added bonus, save gas money and the environment! Click here to get the key to passing that smog check. Tell Me How to Pass that Emissions Test in order to continue driving.

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How to Increase Sex Power and Stamina in Men?

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Emissions Testing - How to Increase Sex Power and Stamina in Men?

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Do you know about - How to Increase Sex Power and Stamina in Men?

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If you are looking for a way to increase sex power and stamina in men, you probably know already that there are lots of products that can help you do this. The problem with many of them is that they simply don't work or, if they do, they also produce side effects. This is usually the case with products containing chemical substances and guaranteeing overnight results. You might be wondering that, under these circumstances, how do men actually succeed in increasing sex power and stamina and still avoid unpleasant side effects. It's pretty simple: they use natural products which are safe for the body.

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How is How to Increase Sex Power and Stamina in Men?

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There is no reason for you not to trust herbal supplements claiming to increase sex power and stamina in men. They contain herbs that have helped many men in time to perform better and there are very low chances that they let you down. They are all natural, so side effects are out of the question. The worst thing that can happen is that they don't work on you, but if you choose them correctly, you don't run this risk either. Herbals supplements for increasing sex power and stamina in men should contain plants that improve your blood flow and that normalize your testosterone level. They are supposed to take care of your body and mind in the same time and thus to increase stamina and endurance, to eliminate potential sexual weakness and to relieve your of stress and anxiety.

Herbal supplements to increase sex power and stamina in men usually need to be used for two or three months before all their benefits are visible. You will nevertheless notice improvements after the first few days. Artificial products promising faster results are either not delivering them or are being too aggressive with your body.

Besides herbal supplements you can also try other tricks that will increase your sex power and stamina. Learn some breathing techniques that will help you last longer and also check different positions because some of them are more adequate than others when trying to perform better and to last longer. Tell your intentions to your partner because her support and help might make a great difference. Another tip of great importance when attempting to increase sex power and stamina is to eat foods that are taking you closer to your goal. Certain nutrients are closely related to how well you perform, so include in your daily diet foods like blueberries, celery or oysters.

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5 Ways to Poison, Maim, and Kill Yourself

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Emissions Testing - 5 Ways to Poison, Maim, and Kill Yourself

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Do you know about - 5 Ways to Poison, Maim, and Kill Yourself

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We are so focused on fossil fuel emissions that are poisoning and killing us, that we are blind to the contaminants in our house. There are poisons we are using every day and we don't even realize they are have invaded our homes. This is an occasion when myopia is a virtue. You and I have been taken for suckers for too long. These are the sources that are poisoning, maiming and killing you.

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Take Your Medicines

Pharmaceutical drugs are Poisons although we call them medicines. You and I bought into the story of these instant cure medicines because we became lazy and wanted instant gratification for our maladies, little realizing that the medicines were supposed to be a temporary relief. We forgot that for long term wellness, we had to change our ways.

We forgot that all illnesses are due to our wanton carelessness or carefree lifestyle. Most of us still have wool pulled over our eyes and can't see through the yarn spun by Big Pharma. If Big Pharma was as successful as they claim, why haven't their truck loads of heart disease drugs stopped the still accelerating heart disease rates worldwide?

Why do their painkiller drugs kill people? Heard of the rotavirus vaccine causing babies intestines to tangle up and die? How do you maim yourself with drugs? The erection producing drug causes certain heart disease patients to actually get a heart attack. And then there is a anti-diabetes drug causing develop heart disease? And there are tomes more...

Drink Milk

Fortified milk brands are sprouting all over the dairy product aisles, like seeds sprouting after a shower.

Why do we need to fortify milk? When I was young I was told that milk was the perfect food. How do you fortify a perfect food? What is missing that needs to be replenished?

Big Dairy is pumping up food that's dead. Nutrients have been destroyed while being heated and pasteurized in their factories. Make no mistake, fortified milk doesn't fortify you. It merely conceals the dead food the chemicals are in.

You can test this yourself. Buy a carton of fortified or any packaged milk and take it to a farm. Take a swig from the milk that comes directly from the udder of the cow and from your carton of milk. You will instantly taste the difference.

Not only does milk from Big Dairy taste flat, the fortifying chemicals are poisoning you slowly. We have no idea what the fancy named fortifying chemicals do in the long term, because unlike the drug industry, the dairy products don't have any clinical trials to pass.

Eat Your Vegetables and Fruits

Produce from the farms of huge agriculture companies are devoid of minerals that vegetables and fruits are supposed to transfer to us. Modern agricultural methods have depleted the soil. The plow, artificial pesticides and artificial manure have bleached our produce. Discovery of agriculture spelled our doom and caused the explosion of modern day diseases. Our prehistoric ancestors didn't suffer from our maiming and killer diseases. Every non-infectious disease (and some infectious ones like salmonella, typhoid, hepatitis A and traveler's diarrhea) is caused by our suicidal eating habits.

You can also taste the difference between produce from big farms versus the organic products.

Always buy packaged foodstuff

Have you noticed that many packaged foods are also fortified? It's the same reasons as for Big Dairy. Breakfast cereals proclaim their products pack a nutrient-packed punch, when they are only able to deliver a weak stir. Many of them don't even resemble anything we recognize as foodstuff. Some of them look like the droppings of prehistoric reptiles. And we feed our children this garbage!

Use chemical laced personal care items

Some years back lipsticks were laden with lead and the discovery of the deadly effects of lead, lead to their disuse. Now everyone thinks that lead was the only poison used in the personal care industry. There are many more and they have exotic names that you need a degree in Latin to pronounce.

For example, many shampoos and skin care products have SLF (sodium lauryl sulphate) that damages your immune system. There are many more additives in personal care products whose dangers we still are in the dark about.

Do you feel like a slug living in a cess pool? If you follow my advise here you can still gain radiant health:

- switch as many products to natural alternatives as fast as you can

- detoxify yourself of the accumulated poisons

- avoid processed foods as much as possible and eat the right ones

- do natural exercises

You can achieve breakthrough health if you are disciplined and committed to it.

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U.S. Is a Profound Failure In Protecting Childrens Rights

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Illinois Emissions Test - U.S. Is a Profound Failure In Protecting Childrens Rights

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Article 37 (A) – (D) of the Convention of Childs Rights Abstract

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This article in four sub-sections clearly demands and declares the universal need for the acknowledgment and application of basic human rights for children under the age of eighteen who have been apprehended, incarcerated, and or convicted of criminal activity. The areas of emphasis among all four articles are clarified in the following order. Section (A) clearly implies and declares that no society or culture should deem it necessary to apply cruel, inhuman, or torturous activities against youth. This section also declares that youth should not be subjected to sentences that are for the entire life of the youth without parole or that the death penalty should also be exempt from being applied to those under the age of eighteen. Section (B) clearly indicates the need for the society in which the youth lives, to use incarceration, detention or arrest as a last resort. The incarceration, detention, or arrest of the youth must be according to the laws of such a society with the intent of the shortest amount of time possible. Section (C) indicates the need to treat all youth with the dignity and respect of the human person, with the understanding of treating that person according to their developmental needs. This acknowledges the need for a subjective perception. The article continues with the emphasis to keep separated youth from adults in regards to incarceration, detention and arrest; unless it is in the child’s best interest not to do so. The child should also be able to have continuing contact with family through correspondence or visitation. Section (D) emphasizes a child’s right to prompt legal services, the right to challenge any accusations or criminal wrong doing, and the right to have a prompt resolution to the accusation. All four sections clearly mandate the need to acknowledge and implement policies, laws, and procedures that will bring protection, provision and participatory rights available for children around the world.

After careful analysis regarding the rights of children under the age of eighteen and their subjection to treatment within the United States legal system, I have uncovered large amounts of startling information. Currently I have substantiated that the United States is doing a reprehensible job in regards to complying with, and the supporting of the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Children. In particular for the purpose of my analysis Article 37, sections (A) – (D) have become of significant interest.

Currently 192 countries have accepted the Convention of Childs Rights; however, the United States and Somalia are the only two who have not accepted these Rights as a priority for their societies (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). Interestingly enough, the United States also incarcerates more individuals than any other country in the world (Hartney, 2006). Currently the United States has 2.2 million persons incarcerated (Hartney, 2006). The U.S. incarcerates four to seven times higher than western nations and up to 32 times more than nations with lower incarceration rates (Hartney, 2006). According to Woolard, Odgers, Lanza-Kaduce & Daglis (2005), there are no clear estimates to the amount of all juveniles under the control of Federal, State and local authorities. However, there are clear and startling facts in which violate Article 37 of the Child Rights Convention. According to Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International (2005), “Excessive punishment becomes cruel, inhuman, or degrading if its severity or length is greatly disproportionate to the crime or to the culpability of the offender (p 96).” Clearly the acceptance by the United States to tolerate convictions equating “life without parole” and “mandatory life without parole” is a violation of subsections (A) and (B) of the Childs Rights Convention (UNCRC, 1989). According to Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International (2005), “in eleven out of the seventeen years between 1985 and 2001, youth convicted of murder were more likely to enter prison with a “life without parole” sentence than adult murder offenders (p 33).” As equally concerning there seems to be states with high amounts of youth violence but low “life without parole” sentences, and there seems to be states with equal or low amounts of youth violence that represent high amounts of “life without parole” sentences, (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). Michigan’s rate of youth violence is nearly equal to New Jersey’s, yet Michigan currently has 306 youth offenders 14 to 17 yrs of age, vs. New Jersey who currently has 0 (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). Pennsylvania currently holds 332 youth for “life without parole” sentences vs. Ohio who only has 1 (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). These disparities in part are due to inconsistent laws between states for which youth can be charged with a crime and sentenced to “life without parole.” These policies are not only fragmented between states ensuring less equity and justice for all individuals, but the fact that they exist clearly violates the CRC sub-sections (A) and (B), (UNCRC, 1989). In comparison, according to Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International (2005), there are “at least 132 countries that reject “life without parole” for child offenders in domestic law or practice (p. 5).” Within the fifteen states of the European Union not a single state allows the sentencing of youth to “life without parole (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005).” Thirty one countries of the African Continent prohibit “life without parole” within their penal laws; however, Kenya and Tanzania continue non-compliance (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). To bring greater focus on the significance of the violation of subsections (A) & (B), globally, there is approximately a dozen youth who currently serve sentences of “life without parole”, however in the United States there are estimated to be 2,225 children under the age of 18 sentenced to “life without parole”, and of these young lives there lies a disturbing discriminating formulation; 29% are white and as much as 60% are African American (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). With this vast difference between the United States and other countries, problematic variables give understanding to why these intolerable policies and laws have developed. According to Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International (2005), some primary reasons for the increase in “life without parole” sentences are connected to systemic processes and policy changes within the justice system that have not been structured to apply sentences as the UNCRC (1989) sub-section (B), declares as a “measure of last resort and for the shortest appropriate period of time (p 10). Currently in many states prosecutors have more power through the discretion to directly file charges against children and transfer the child from juvenile court to adult court for criminal prosecution rather than clearing this process through an elected judge (Grisso, 1997). Inconsistency is rampant. Some states have no minimum age; Colorado declares that 12 yrs old is proper, and Vermont declares that 10 yrs. old is appropriate; Wisconsin also supports 10yrs of age (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). This transferring of power and lowering of the age of eligibility seems to indicate a reduction in appropriate checks and balances, due process and the rights and powers so valuable for children to get a fair and equitable trial, thus violating Article 37 sub-section (D) (UNCRC, 1989). Mandatory “life without parole” sentences further alienates the United States as the most intolerable and insensitive global system. This process clearly violates every sub-section of Article 37, and mandates for some crimes a mandatory sentence of “life without parole”, disallowing judges to make subjective decisions based upon every child’s circumstance (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005).

In response to sub-section (C), and its requirement to acknowledge the needs of detained youth, the need for children to be contained separate from adults, and the need for actions and implementations by the court to be in the best interest of the child, the United States has failed miserably in all areas. Currently the needs of children have not been efficiently addressed. The current legal process of shifting children from juvenile to adult courts for criminal prosecution ignores the subjective position and developmental position of the child. According to Grisso (1997), there are specific abilities required for a competent defense. First, “competence to assist counsel” which is the defendant’s ability to understand and assist with his or her own defense (Grisso, 1997). The second ability needed is “decisional competence” which is a defendants reasoning process and ability to make clear judgments based upon counsel input (Grisso, 1997). Grisso clearly identifies the point that children, especially 13 yrs. of age and younger represented a significant problematic performance outcome on court competency test in regards to having abilities in being competent, and making reasonable decisions regarding their defense (Grisso, 1997). According to Grisso (1997), not only do these adolescents have less of an ability to make effective decisions, but their cognitive capacities are more vulnerable to stress and intense emotional influences, as with a criminal trial. This is significant due to statistics that express there are many states that allow the adult criminal conviction and a “life without parole” conviction for those 13yrs of age and younger. Neuroscience also continues to prove through MRI imaging and Positron Emission Tomography that the pre-frontal cortex areas of the brain which assist in judgment and decision making are not fully developed until early adulthood; thus proving that the United States is clearly holding thousands of young minds in criminal conviction for their natural immaturity (Brownlee, Hotinski, Pailthorp, Ragan & Wong, 2002).

In regards to the improper incarceration of youth; the United States violation of section (C) is evident. According to Woolard et al., (2005), nearly 10,000 youth each year are incarcerated with adults for given periods of time and nearly 80% are processed under adult courts. These statistics are staggering when comparing the entire incarceration rate of Hong Kong at 11,521 or Ecuador’s at 12,251 (Hartney, 2006). According to the Hartney (2006), there has been a 208% increase in the number of youth under the age of 18 serving time in adult jails between 1994 and 2004. New research has shown that confinement is not only more likely to reinforce delinquent behavior in those youth already at-risk, but also has them picking up more delinquent skills than if they are treated individually (Tyler, Ziedenberg & Lotke, 2006). According to Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International (2005), in 1997 the Department of Justice found that only 13% of prisons surveyed maintained separate cells for youth within adult prisons. Roberts (2000) reveals that children in adult jails are not only worse off, but subjected to behaviors and acts which scar them for the rest of their lives. Children in adult facilities are 5 times more likely to be assaulted than those in juvenile facilities (Roberts, 2000). Roberts (2000) claims that these children are twice as likely to be beaten by staff and 50% more likely to be attacked with a weapon. These children are also, eight times more likely to commit suicide than children in juvenile facilities. These facts clearly announce that the U.S. is in violation of Article 37, sub-section (C) by incarcerating these young children within an environment that has been proven to not be in the child’s best interest and a counter to meeting the child’s needs (UNCRC, 1989).

The United States continues to move away from traditional foundational principles of rehabilitation that the Juvenile Court originally established in Illinois in 1889 (Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International, 2005). This shift continues even with significant evidence that community placements rather than prison are less costly and more effective than incarceration (Human Rights Watch, 1999). According to Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International (2005), rehabilitation is not a priority for those serving “life without parole”, because many do not qualify for any educational / rehabilitative programs when incarcerated, because they will never be released. The human cost for this political and systemic ignorance from the loss of human capital and the inability to never again contribute to society is insurmountable. According to Tyler et, al., (2006), the building of new incarceration facilities can cost 100,000 per cell and an operation cost of 60,000. However, many community based programs such as wrap around programs, drug treatment and counseling services rarely exceed 15,000 initially and cost approx. 5,000 yearly (Tyler et al., 2006).

It is clear that in every instance of Article 37 sections (A) – (D) the United States has failed miserably and should be held accountable globally with the same measure of mercy and judgment that our Nations leaders themselves have shown our victimized youth.

_______________________________________

References

Human Rights Watch & Amnesty International (2005). The Rest of Their
Lives; Life without Parole for Child Offenders in the United States. New York: Human Rights Watch. Downloaded January 13, 2007, from http://hrw.org/reports/2005/us1005/TheRestofTheirLives.pdf>.

Brownlee, S., Hotinski, R., Pailthorp, B., Ragan, E., & Wong, K., (1999, August, 9). Inside the Teen Brain; Behavior can be baffling when young minds are taking shape. U.S. News & World Report, LP.

Grisso, T., (1997). The Competence of Adolescents as Trial Defendants. American Psychological Association; Psychology, Public Policy & Law, Vol 3, No. 1, 3-32.

Hartney, Christopher. (November, 2006). U.S. Rates of Incarceration: A Global Perspective. January, 2007, from [http://www.nccd-crc.org/nccd/pubs/2006nov_factsheet_incarceration]. pdf

Hartney, Christopher. (June, 2006). Youth Under Age 18 in the Adult Criminal Justice System. January, 2007, from [http://www.nccd-crc.org/nccd/pubs/2006may_factsheet_youth] adult.pdf

Human Rights Watch. (1999). Children’s Rights; Juvenile
Justice. World Report 1999. New York: Downloaded January 21, 2007,
from [http://www.hrw.org/worldreport99/children/child3.html]

Roberts, Larry (March 18, 2000). U.S. government report reveals growing numbers of children in adult prisons. Downloaded January 13, 2007, from http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/mar2000/jail-m18.shtml

Tyler, Jasmine L.; Ziedenberg, Jason and Lotke, Eric. “Cost Effective Corrections: The Fiscal Architecture of Rational Juvenile Justice Systems”(2006). Washington, DC: The Justice Policy Institute.

United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, G. A. Res. 44/25, U.
N. GAOR, 44th Sess., at 3, U. N. Doc. A/RES/44/25 (1989, Nov. 20).
Downloaded January 13, 2007, from http://www.unicef.org/crc/

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Solar Energy Advantages Disadvantages

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Emissions - Solar Energy Advantages Disadvantages

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Do you know about - Solar Energy Advantages Disadvantages

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Many of us know that solar energy is a good thing, but few really understand why. Therefore, I compiled a comprehensive list of solar energy advantages and disadvantages that will enable you to make an educated decision whether on not Solar Power is right for YOU.

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Solar Energy Advantages

1. Saves you money

After the initial investment has been recovered, the energy from the sun is practically FREE. The recovery/ payback period for this investment can be very short depending on how much electricity your household uses. Financial incentives are available form the government that will reduce your cost. If your system produce more energy than you use, your utility company can buy it from you, building up a credit on your account! This is called net metering. It will save you money on your electricity bill if you have one at all. Solar energy does not require any fuel. It's not affected by the supply and demand of fuel and is therefore not subjected to the ever-increasing price of gasoline. The savings are immediate and for many years to come. The use of solar energy indirectly reduces health costs.
2. Environmentally friendly

Solar Energy is clean, renewable (unlike gas, oil and coal) and sustainable, helping to protect our environment. It does not pollute our air by releasing carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur dioxide or mercury into the atmosphere like many traditional forms of electrical generations does. Therefore Solar Energy does not contribute to global warming, acid rain or smog. It actively contributes to the decrease of harmful green house gas emissions. It's generated where it is needed. By not using any fuel, Solar Energy does not contribute to the cost and problems of the recovery and transportation of fuel or the storage of radioactive waste.
3. Independent/ semi-independent

Solar Energy can be utilized to offset utility-supplied energy consumption. It does not only reduce your electricity bill, but will also continue to supply your home/ business with electricity in the event of a power outage. A Solar Energy system can operate entirely independent, not requiring a connection to a power or gas grid at all. Systems can therefore be installed in remote locations (like holiday log cabins), making it more practical and cost-effective than the supply of utility electricity to a new site. The use of Solar Energy reduces our dependence on foreign and/or centralized sources of energy, influenced by natural disasters or international events and so contributes to a sustainable future. Solar Energy supports local job and wealth creation, fuelling local economies.
4. Low/ no maintenance

Solar Energy systems are virtually maintenance free and will last for decades. Once installed, there are no recurring costs. They operate silently, have no moving parts, do not release offensive smells and do not require you to add any fuel. More solar panels can easily be added in the future when your family's needs grow.
Solar Energy Disadvantages

The initial cost is the main disadvantage of installing a solar energy system, largely because of the high cost of the semi-conducting materials used in building one. The cost of solar energy is also high compared to non-renewable utility-supplied electricity. As energy shortages are becoming more common, solar energy is becoming more price-competitive. Solar panels require quite a large area for installation to achieve a good level of efficiency. The efficiency of the system also relies on the location of the sun, although this problem can be overcome with the installation of certain components. The production of solar energy is influenced by the presence of clouds or pollution in the air. Similarly, no solar energy will be produced during nighttime although a battery backup system and/or net metering will solve this problem. See http://www.dsireusa.org for details on how net metering allows you to save electricity and money. As far as solar powered cars go - their slower speed might not appeal to everyone caught up in today's rat race.

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Hydro Energy

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Emissions Testing - Hydro Energy

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Water is a renewable energy resource, and one that offers the greatest variation in power production. We can harness the water energy through what is known as motive energy or through the differences it experiences in temperature.

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Water is nearly one thousand times as dense as our air. What this tells us, then, is that a slow moving stream of water is more powerful, in terms of renewable energy than wind. A wave or swell of the sea can deliver many times that energy.

We have many forms of renewable water energy from which to choose.

There are many forms of water energy.

The first type of water energy, and the one we most commonly think of when we think of renewable water power, is hydroelectric. This is the power that commonly is created by large hydroelectric dams.

You can also have what are called micro hydroelectric systems. These are small power installations that produce as much as 100 kilowatts of power. The most common places to find these renewable water energy sources are in areas where water is abundant and the hydro system can be used as a remote area power supply RAPS. While there are many RAPS around the globe several are functioning in the Solomon Islands.

Wave power is another way of using water as a renewable energy source. The waves are used to create an up and down affect for pontoons that float in the water. This has just started to be used commercially as renewable energy.

Tides can produce renewable energy as well. As the ocean tides come in the water level is raised in the water basin. Then, at low tide the basin water gets discharged through the water turbine. Tidal stream power is different in that it captures the energy produced by the tidal flow. This usually is accomplished through the use of an underwater plant that looks like a small-scale wind turbine. While governments have set up demonstrations for this type of tidal power, any large scale commercialization of this renewable tidal energy would require extensive upfront capital. This has yet to be attempted.

Ocean thermal energy conversion OTEC is yet another form of water energy. OTEC uses the different in temperature between the oceans surface water and the water at deeper points. To do this it uses a cyclic heat engine. This form of renewable energy has had no large scale field test as yet.

Though not technically a form of generating renewable energy the cooling of the water in deep lakes is an efficient way to save energy during the hot summer months. Pipes are submerged and used as heat sinks. The bottom of these lakes typically stays at less than 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

Blue energy, which is really desalination in reverse, is a renewable energy resource still being researched. There is no data at this point to show whether it will work.

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